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少年派的奇幻漂流Multiple Chinese universities raise gaokao score requirements for arts admissions_我的网站
A |  Even during summer break, changes to the admissions policy at the Communication University of China (CUC) have sparked heated discussions among students, with the reform becoming a hot topic on campus and on social media. Amid heated debate over China's top media and arts school's admission reform, eight majors, including radio and television directing and theater directing, will no longer require separate arts exams and will instead admit students based solely on gaokao (the national college entrance exam) scores starting next year. China's art college entrance examination, known as yikao, is a special admission pathway for students applying to arts-related majors. Applicants take both the gaokao and professional tests in areas such as fine arts, music, dance, acting, broadcasting and directing. Compared with many other university programs, art majors have traditionally placed less emphasis on gaokao scores and more on candidates' professional abilities and artistic potential. "As one of China's most influential universities for media education, CUC's reform is seen as having broader implications," Xiong Bingqi, president of the 21st Century Education Research Institute and vice president of the China Association of College Newspapers, told the Global Times. In his view, future arts admissions are likely to place greater emphasis on students' cultural literacy, professional interests and long-term potential.  Beyond the 'shortcut' CUC's move reflects a broader trend among Chinese arts universities. In recent years, institutions such as Nanjing University of the Arts and Henan Academy of Fine Arts have reduced the number of majors requiring school-based exams on their specific art subjects, placing greater emphasis on academic performance and provincial-level arts examinations. The changes reflect a broader trend in China's arts education admissions system, where universities have increasingly emphasized students' cultural foundation alongside their artistic abilities. "CUC's latest adjustment reflects a broader trend in arts education reform, with some arts-related majors beginning to admit students based on their gaokao scores rather than separate professional examinations," Xiong told the Global Times. According to Xiong, one of the key goals of the reform is to address the utilitarian mindset among some students and parents who view arts admissions as a "shortcut to college." In the past, some arts programs had relatively lower requirements for cultural scores, prompting some students with weaker academic performance to turn to arts exams and enroll in professional training programs during high school. As a result, arts admissions were sometimes seen not as a choice driven by genuine artistic interest or career aspirations, but as an alternative pathway to enter universities. "The cooling of arts exam fever, to me, is a good thing for arts education and talent cultivation," Xiong said. "By admitting eight majors directly based on cultural scores, CUC is effectively removing the stepping stone of the 'shortcut to college,' allowing more students with genuine artistic interests and professional ambitions to enter these fields." For students, the reform has directly changed how they prepare for university and make academic choices. "The changes have created more pathways for students interested in media-related fields," a junior arts management student surnamed Wang at CUC, told the Global Times. Wang recalled that many students around her began preparing for arts exams as early as their sophomore year of high school and later traveled to cities where their target universities were located for intensive training. As some media-related majors shift to cultural-score-based admissions, more students who did not take the arts exam but have a genuine interest in the media field may gain opportunities to enter these programs, she said. Rethinking media talent Beyond changing how students enter arts majors, the reform has also sparked discussion over how universities should train future media professionals. A CUC sophomore student surnamed Wei from the School of Theater, Film and Television told the Global Times that one challenge after scrapping arts exams for some majors is how to support students who enter without systematic professional training. "Students who previously prepared for arts exams often developed basic skills in audiovisual language and practical experience before entering university. Those admitted based on gaokao scores may need stronger professional guidance and more opportunities for practice," Wei said. In addition to individual student development, the reform has also prompted discussions over what qualities future media professionals should possess. Kai Zhu, a drama education instructor at a leading high school in Beijing, told the Global Times that an overemphasis on exam-oriented training in media arts education had previously led some programs to focus on templates and techniques while neglecting core competencies. "If media arts become a low-score pathway to university, the professional nature of the field will become blurred, and the industry may face a shortage of well-rounded talent," Kai said. CUC's reform signals a shift toward selecting media talent with both cultural depth and professional skills. "Creative fields such as screenwriting and filmmaking are not built on technical skills alone; they require an understanding of society, humanity and history," he said. "Cultural accumulation determines the depth and vision of creative works." The reform is therefore not merely about changing the way students enter arts programs. Ultimately, it is about what kind of creators media and arts programs hope to nurture: not only those equipped with professional skills, but those who can think deeply, understand society and transform their cultural knowledge into meaningful works, he noted. Wang Wenpei contributed to this story. 。北京时间1月16日，据外媒报道，每个人都知道达芬奇名画《蒙娜丽莎》中的女子似乎在回望观众的眼睛，无论观众在哪里看这幅画，蒙娜丽莎的眼睛似乎都在跟着自己。但事实并非如此。蒙娜丽莎的眼睛实际上并不跟随周围的观察者。一项新的研究发现，蒙娜丽莎的目光实际上落在观察者的右侧15.4度，远远超出了通常让你觉得有人在盯着我的角度。
B | 德国bilefield大学的知觉心理学家、该研究的作者Gernot Horstmann说：“她没有在看你。
C | ”不真实的“蒙娜丽莎效应”有点讽刺，因为肖像或照片中的人似乎跟随观察者的运动的现象被准确地称为“蒙娜丽莎效应”。霍斯曼说这种效应确实存在。
D | 如果肖像或照片中的人直视前方，即使有人站在某个角度看照片，他或她也会感到肖像或照片中的人正盯着自己。只要观察者偏离不超过5度的角度，蒙娜丽莎效应就会发生。这对观众与屏幕人物的互动具有重要意义。如果你想让坐在房间右侧的观众感觉屏幕上的角色在看自己，不要让角色朝那个方向看，否则观众会觉得角色没有在看房间里的任何人。为了达到这个效果，人们应该直视前方。Horstmann与合作作者Sebastian Loth一起研究了这种效应在创造人工智能“替代物”中的应用。在这个过程中，霍斯曼长时间地看着蒙娜丽莎，终于意识到了一个问题。”我意识到：“等一下，她没有盯着我看。
E | 为了确保这不是为了他们自己，研究人员让24名受试者在电脑屏幕上观看蒙娜丽莎的照片。
F | 他们在观看者和屏幕之间放置了一把尺子，让受试者指出尺子和蒙娜丽莎眼睛交叉处的数字。为了测试照片中的其他元素是否影响观众对蒙娜丽莎眼睛的感知，研究人员放大了镜头。有时观众可以看到蒙娜丽莎的整个脸，有时只能看到眼睛和鼻子。
G | 另外，为了计算蒙娜丽莎眼睛的角度，研究人员在实验中途改变了尺子和屏幕之间的距离。这样就可以得到两个交点，从而计算出角度。
H | 《蒙娜丽莎》的研究结果表明，所有受试者都认为《蒙娜丽莎》中的人物并不是直接看自己，而是稍微看自己的右边。”“蒙娜丽莎的观点显然超出了你通常会觉得有人盯着你看的感觉。”霍斯曼指出。那么，为什么人们总是相信蒙娜丽莎的眼睛会随着她的观察者四处移动呢？霍斯曼对此并不确定，但他相信人们都有关注的欲望，所以他们认为照片中的女人正盯着自己。也许是因为最初提出“蒙娜丽莎效应”这个词的人认为这很酷。
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