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1 in 5 Mothers Report Mistreatment in Maternity Care_我的网站

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一 |     为提升电动自行车产品本质安全水平，促进行业的规范化发展，切实保护人民群众生命财产安全，9月19日，工信部、公安部、应急管理部、市场监管总局、国家消防救援局等五部门公布了新修订的《电动自行车安全技术规范（征求意见稿）》（以下简称《征求意见稿》）。         　　我国是全球电动自行车生产、消费大国，截至2023年底，我国电动自行车社会保有量超3.5亿辆。    

One-fifth of U.S. mothers say they have experienced mistreatment by their health care provider during their pregnancy and delivery care and 29% say they have faced discrimination, according to new research from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, with higher rates of such incidents reported among women of color.
Approximately 20% of more than 2,400 women surveyed in a CDC Vital Signs report released Tuesday said they experienced some form of physical neglect or verbal abuse during their maternal care. The report’s findings were based on a survey conducted from April 24 through April 30 by public relations firm Porter Novelli.
Higher rates of mistreatment were reported by mothers who identify with a racial and ethnic minority group, including 30% of Black women, 29% of Hispanic women and 27% of multiracial women during their pregnancy care, compared to 19% of white women and 15% of Asian mothers.
Nearly 30% of women who were uninsured and 26% of those covered by Medicaid reported mistreatment during their maternity care compared to 16% of women with private insurance, according to the analysis.
The most common forms of mistreatment reported by survey respondents included receiving no response to requests for help, being shouted at or scolded, having a lack of physical privacy, and being threatened with the withholding of treatment or being coerced into accepting unwanted treatment.
“This report provides evidence that many women are having experiences that are truly unacceptable,” said Dr. Wanda Barfield, director of the CDC’s Division of Reproductive Health in a call with reporters held Tuesday.
In addition, 29% of women surveyed said they experienced at least one form of discrimination during their pregnancy care, with 40% of Black women, 39% of multiracial women, and 37% of Hispanic women reporting such incidents, compared to 26% of white women and 23% of Asian women. The most common reasons for discrimination reported included issues concerning age, weight and income.
“We know mistreatment and discrimination can have a negative impact on the quality of maternity care,” said CDC Chief Medical Office Dr. Debra Houry during a call with reporters.
Houry told the story of Dr. Shalon Irving, an officer within the CDC’s Epidemic Intelligence Service who died in 2017 as a result of high blood pressure three weeks after giving birth.
“As a health care community, we have to do better in providing unbiased and respectful maternity care equally to all mothers,” Houry said.
The report’s findings come at the same time as rising rates of death associated with giving birth in the U.S. The maternal mortality rate increased 89% from 17.4 deaths per 100,000 live birth in 2018 to 32.9 per 100,000 in 2021, according to a March CDC report, with the total number of annual deaths nearly doubling from 658 to 1,205 during that period. And women of color are even worse off than the general population. The maternal mortality rate among Black women increased from 37.3 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2018 to 69.9 per 100,000 in 2021, while the rate among Hispanic women increased by more than two-fold during that same period to 28 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2021, surpassing the rate among white women for the first time.
Houry said health care providers can do more to improve maternity care quality by promoting greater cultural competency and diversity within their clinical workforce, as well as focusing on developing practices that result in all maternity patients receiving an equitable standard of care.
“We know that most pregnancy-related deaths are preventable – more than 80%,” Houry said. “Respectful maternity care can be defined as preventing harm and mistreatment, communicating effectively, and providing equitable and unbiased care.”
。2023年包括电动自行车在内的助动车制造行业规模以上企业738家，年产量4228万辆，同比增长3.8%，近5年产量年均增速为11.8%。         　　工信部相关负责人表示，伴随着市场规模不断扩大，电动自行车行业暴露出一些影响生命财产安全的问题。例如，据国家消防救援局通报，电动自行车引发的火灾2021年是1.8万起，2023年就迅速增加到2.5万起，年均增长约20%。本次标准修订将有利于防范火灾事故，减少交通安全隐患，满足消费者日常出行需求，并且推动行业高质量发展。         　　在防范火灾方面，《征求意见稿》完善了材料防火阻燃要求、塑料件占比、整车唯一性编码和耐高温永久性标识等条款。在解决交通隐患方面，新标准完善了防篡改要求和方法，明确电动自行车控制器、蓄电池互认协同要求，改进了电动机额定功率测试方法，增加了对电动机最高转速的限制。

二 |          　　“为更好满足广大消费者日常出行需要，新标准适当放宽了个别对安全性影响不大的指标。”工信部相关负责人介绍，《征求意见稿》将使用铅蓄电池的电动自行车整车重量由55公斤提高至63公斤，使用锂电池的维持不变，从而让铅蓄电池电动自行车更好满足消费者正常的续行里程需求。         　　值得注意的是，为提升产品的实用性，《征求意见稿》不再强制电动自行车必须具备脚踏骑行功能，而是由企业根据车型设计的需要自行决定是否配备该功能，不仅有利于节约生产成本，还为消费者提供更多的车型选择空间。         　　《征求意见稿》同时提出，增加北斗定位及通信功能。工信部相关负责人介绍，这是为了方便消费者实时了解电动自行车所在位置、蓄电池输出电压、电流和温度等关键安全信息，并对车辆异常情况进行识别，必要时可通过通信网络发送报警信息，从而具备动态安全监测能力，增强车辆的主动安全性能。

三 |                     责任编辑：李丹。

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